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Where does it mention self defence and "attack only when attacked" in Surah 9:29-31.

The treaty was with the Polytheists. Not with Christians and Jews. So you are conflating different things.

Surah 9:29-31 says you should fight Christians and Jews specifically for what they believe

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A.B. Melchizedek

Crusader for the truth of the gospel and the logical coherence within the context of the scriptural worldview.